Section 3 is about the Senate. I’m proposing something very unusual, but very simple.
In all proceedings in the Senate, including, but not limited to, votes on legislation, treaties, and constitutional amendment proposals; impeachment trials; advice and consent votes; votes on the selection of officers, determination of rules, punishment of members, and expulsion of members; and proceedings in committees; each Senator shall have one vote for each person in his or her State, per the most recent decennial census.
A quorum in the Senate shall exist if the senators present possess a majority of the votes of the Senate.
In other words, retain bicameralism, two senators per state, six year terms, and the powers of the Senate; change one thing only: each Senator shall have one vote. Then the Senate will be perfectly proportional with respect to the states, even if tiny Guam becomes a state. This solution also minimizes transition issues.
The power of the Vice President of the United States to serve as the President of the Senate and to cast tie-breaking votes in the Senate is repealed.
This is housecleaning. John Adams cast a lot of tie-breaking votes when there were only 26 senators. As the Senate grew and then the filibuster developed, these tie-breaking votes became less and less common. This proposal would make them almost impossible. Let’s simplify.